ABSTRACT
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of crude oil market structure on stock market volatility in Asian countries in the period 2008–2017. We integrate network analysis with the SGMM estimation technique to achieve the research objective. Network analysis was conducted with 43 Asian countries, while analysis of the impact of crude oil market structure on stock markets was performed with a sample of 19 countries. The results show that the stock market has a positive growth in countries with stronger export capacity while it is negatively affected in larger importing countries. In addition, the research results show that the stock market’s growth is greater in countries with a central position in the crude oil market. The study results will be useful for countries in reducing the undesirable impact of crude oil market on the stock market.
ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic, a public health crisis of worldwide importance, announced by the World Health Organization (WHO) in January 2020 as an outbreak, has made distance education through the E-learning system an urgent and irreplaceable requirement. The study assessed factors affecting students’ online learning outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic through interviews with 404 students who were subjects of the survey using the convenience sampling method via questionnaires. The study utilized the reliability analysis through Cronbach’s Alpha and the Bayesian Exploratory Factor Analysis (BEFA). The evaluation results of the research scales showed that 28 observed variables were used to measure 7 research concepts. Test results of the hypotheses showed that students’ online learning outcomes are affected by 6 factors in the descending order, respectively, learner characteristics, perceived usefulness, course content, course design, ease of use, and faculty capacity.